Conspiracy Beliefs, Rejection of Vaccination, and Support for hydroxychloroquine: A Conceptual Replication-Extension in the COVID-19 Pandemic Context

Paul Bertin; Kenzo Nera; Sylvain Delouvée

doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.565128

Conspiracy Beliefs, Rejection of Vaccination, and Support for hydroxychloroquine: A Conceptual Replication-Extension in the COVID-19 Pandemic Context

Front Psychol. 2020 Sep 18:11:565128. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.565128. eCollection 2020.

Authors

Paul Bertin¹, Kenzo Nera^{2

3}, Sylvain Delouvée⁴

Affiliations

¹ LAPCOS, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France.
² Center for Social and Cultural Psychology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.
³ Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique (FRS), Bruxelles, Belgium.
⁴ EA1285 Laboratoire de Psychologie, Cognition, Comportement, Communication (LP3C), University of Rennes, Rennes, France.

Abstract

Many conspiracy theories appeared along with the COVID-19 pandemic. Since it is documented that conspiracy theories negatively affect vaccination intentions, these beliefs might become a crucial matter in the near future. We conducted two cross-sectional studies examining the relationship between COVID-19 conspiracy beliefs, vaccine attitudes, and the intention to be vaccinated against COVID-19 when a vaccine becomes available. We also examined how these beliefs predicted support for a controversial medical treatment, namely, chloroquine. In an exploratory study 1 (N = 409), two subdimensions of COVID-19 conspiracy beliefs were associated with negative attitudes toward vaccine science. These results were partly replicated and extended in a pre-registered study 2 (N = 396). Moreover, we found that COVID-19 conspiracy beliefs (among which, conspiracy beliefs about chloroquine), as well as a conspiracy mentality (i.e., predisposition to believe in conspiracy theories) negatively predicted participants' intentions to be vaccinated against COVID-19 in the future. Lastly, conspiracy beliefs predicted support for chloroquine as a treatment for COVID-19. Interestingly, none of the conspiracy beliefs referred to the dangers of the vaccines. Implications for the pandemic and potential responses are discussed.

Keywords: COVID–19; attitude toward science; chloroquine; conspiracy beliefs; conspiracy mentality; pandemic (COVID-19); vaccination; vaccination intention.