The Association Between Electronic Device Use During Family Time and Family Well-Being: Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Background: Electronic devices (eDevices) may have positive or negative influences on family communication and well-being depending on how they are used.

Objective: We examined eDevice use during family time and its association with the quality of family communication and well-being in Hong Kong Chinese adults.

Methods: In 2017, a probability-based 2-stage random sampling landline telephone survey collected data on eDevice use in daily life and during family time (eg, family dinner) and the presence of rules banning eDevice use during family dinner. Family communication quality was rated from 0 to 10 with higher scores being favorable. Family well-being was calculated as a composite mean score of 3 items each using the same scale from 0 to 10. The associations of family communication quality and well-being with eDevice use in daily life and during family time were estimated using beta-coefficient (β) adjusting for sociodemographics. The mediating role of family communication quality in the association between eDevice use and family well-being was analyzed.

Results: Of the 2064 respondents (mean age 56.4 [SD 19.2] years, 1269/2064 [61.48%] female), 1579/2059 (76.69%) used an eDevice daily for a mean of 3.6 hours (SD 0.1) and 257/686 (37.5%) used it for 30+ minutes before sleep. As much as 794/2046 (38.81%) often or sometimes used an eDevice during family time including dinner (311/2017, 15.42%); 713/2012 (35.44%) reported use of an eDevice by family members during dinner. Lower family communication quality was associated with hours of eDevice use before sleep (adjusted β=-.25; 95% CI -0.44 to -0.05), and often use (vs never use) of eDevice during family dinner by oneself (adjusted β=-.51; 95% CI -0.91 to -0.10) and family members (adjusted β=-.54; 95% CI -0.79 to -0.29). Similarly, lower family well-being was associated with eDevice use before sleep (adjusted β=-.26; 95% CI -0.42 to -0.09), and often use during family dinner by oneself (adjusted β=-.48; 95% CI -0.83 to -0.12) and family members (adjusted β=-.50; 95% CI -0.72 to -0.28). Total ban of eDevice use during family dinner was negatively associated with often use by oneself (adjusted odds ratio 0.49; 95% CI 0.29 to 0.85) and family members (adjusted odds ratio 0.41; 95% CI 0.28, 0.60) but not with family communication and well-being. Lower family communication quality substantially mediated the total effect of the association of eDevice use time before sleep (61.2%) and often use at family dinner by oneself (87.0%) and by family members (67.8%) with family well-being.

Conclusions: eDevice use before sleep and during family dinner was associated with lower family well-being, and the association was substantially mediated by family communication quality. Our results suggest that interventions on smart use of eDevice may improve family communication and well-being.

Keywords: eDevice; family communication; family dinner; mobile phone; public health; smartphone; well-being.