Assessment of dead-end ultrafiltration for the detection and quantification of microbial indicators and pathogens in the drinking water treatment processes

Miriam Pascual-Benito; Pere Emiliano; Raquel Casas-Mangas; Cristina Dacal-Rodríguez; Mercedes Gracenea; Rosa Araujo; Fernando Valero; Cristina García-Aljaro; Francisco Lucena

doi:10.1016/j.ijheh.2020.113628

Assessment of dead-end ultrafiltration for the detection and quantification of microbial indicators and pathogens in the drinking water treatment processes

Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2020 Sep:230:113628. doi: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2020.113628. Epub 2020 Oct 7.

Authors

Miriam Pascual-Benito¹, Pere Emiliano², Raquel Casas-Mangas³, Cristina Dacal-Rodríguez⁴, Mercedes Gracenea⁴, Rosa Araujo³, Fernando Valero², Cristina García-Aljaro³, Francisco Lucena³

Affiliations

¹ Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain; The Water Research Institute, University of Barcelona, Montalegre 6, 08001, Barcelona, Spain. Electronic address: mpascualbenito@ub.edu.
² Ens d'Abastament d'Aigua Ter Llobregat (ATL), Sant Martí de l'Erm, 30, 08970, Sant Joan Despí, Barcelona.
³ Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain; The Water Research Institute, University of Barcelona, Montalegre 6, 08001, Barcelona, Spain.
⁴ The Water Research Institute, University of Barcelona, Montalegre 6, 08001, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Biology, Healthcare and the Environment, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028, Spain.

PMID: 33038613
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2020.113628

Abstract

A safe water supply requires distinct treatments and monitoring to guarantee the absence of pathogens and substances potentially hazardous for human health. In this study we assessed the efficiency of the dead-end ultrafiltration (DEUF) method to concentrate faecal indicator organisms (FIO) and pathogens in water samples with different physicochemical characteristics. Water samples were collected at the treatment stages of two drinking water treatment plants to analyse the concentration of a variety of 7 FIO and 4 reference microbes which have some species that are pathogenic to humans: Campylobacter spp., enteroviruses, Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia spp. The samples were analysed before and after concentration by DEUF, detecting FIO concentrations about 1 log₁₀ higher in non-concentrated samples from both catchments. Percent recoveries were highly variable with a mean of 43.8 ± 17.5%, depending on the FIO and inherent sample characteristics. However, DEUF enabled FIO concentration in high volumes of water (100-500 l), allowing a reduction in the detection limit compared to the non-concentrated samples due to the high volume processing capabilities of the method. As a consequence, the detection of FIO removal from water in the drinking water treatment process was 1.0-1.5 logarithms greater in DEUF-treated water compared to unfiltered samples. The DEUF method improved the detection of target indicators and allowed for the detection of pathogens in low concentrations in water after the treatment stages, confirming the suitability of DEUF to concentrate high volumes of different types of water. This method could be useful for microbial analysis in water treatment monitoring and risk assessment, allowing the identification of critical points during the water treatment process and potential hazards in water destined for several uses.

Keywords: Campylobacter; Cryptosporidium; Drinking water; Enteroviruses; Giardia; Water quality.

Publication types

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

Cryptosporidiosis*
Cryptosporidium*
Drinking Water*
Humans
Ultrafiltration
Water Microbiology
Water Purification*
Water Supply

Substances

Drinking Water