Super-Resolution Microscopy and FIB-SEM Imaging Reveal Parental Centriole-Derived, Hybrid Cilium in Mammalian Multiciliated Cells

Abstract

Motile cilia are cellular beating machines that play a critical role in mucociliary clearance, cerebrospinal fluid movement, and fertility. In the airways, hundreds of motile cilia present on the surface of a multiciliated epithelia cell beat coordinately to protect the epithelium from bacteria, viruses, and harmful particulates. During multiciliated cell differentiation, motile cilia are templated from basal bodies, each extending a basal foot-an appendage linking motile cilia together to ensure coordinated beating. Here, we demonstrate that among the many motile cilia of a multiciliated cell, a hybrid cilium with structural features of both primary and motile cilia is harbored. The hybrid cilium is conserved in mammalian multiciliated cells, originates from parental centrioles, and its cellular position is biased and dependent on ciliary beating. Furthermore, we show that the hybrid cilium emerges independently of other motile cilia and functions in regulating basal body alignment.

Keywords: FIB-SEM; airway; appendages; basal bodies; basal foot; centrosome; cilia; electron microscopy; primary ciliary dyskinesia; quantitative imaging; super-resolution imaging.