Babassu (Attalea glassmanii Zona) Nut Oil Is More Effective than Olive Oil for Treating Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury

Fábio França Silva; Daniela Signorelli Balthazar; Thauany Hellmann; Joaquim Silva Sales; Gyl Eanes Barros Silva; Fátima Zely Garcia de Almeida Cyrino; Maria Célia Pires Costa; Raquel Maria Trindade Fernandes; Marcos Antonio Custódio Neto da Silva; Maria do Carmo Lacerda Barbosa; Wanderson Romão; Bruno Gomes de Oliveira; Boniek Gontijo Vaz; Eliete Bouskela; Maria do Desterro Soares Brandão Nascimento

doi:10.1155/2020/2525871

Babassu (Attalea glassmanii Zona) Nut Oil Is More Effective than Olive Oil for Treating Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury

Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2020 Sep 21:2020:2525871. doi: 10.1155/2020/2525871. eCollection 2020.

Authors

Fábio França Silva¹, Daniela Signorelli Balthazar², Thauany Hellmann³, Joaquim Silva Sales³, Gyl Eanes Barros Silva⁴, Fátima Zely Garcia de Almeida Cyrino³, Maria Célia Pires Costa³, Raquel Maria Trindade Fernandes⁵, Marcos Antonio Custódio Neto da Silva⁶, Maria do Carmo Lacerda Barbosa⁴, Wanderson Romão⁷, Bruno Gomes de Oliveira⁷, Boniek Gontijo Vaz⁷, Eliete Bouskela², Maria do Desterro Soares Brandão Nascimento⁴

Affiliations

¹ Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology (RENORBIO), Empresa Brasileira de Serviços Hospitalares, Laboratory of Immunofluorescence and Electron Microscopy, University Hospital, Federal University of Maranhão, R. Barão de Itapary 227, Centro, 65020-070 São Luís, MA, Brazil.
² Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Research in Vascular Biology (BioVasc), Reitor Haroldo Lisboa da Cunha Pavilion, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rua São Francisco Xavier 524, Térreo, 20550-013 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
³ Laboratory of Macromolecular and Natural Products, Department of Chemistry, State University of Maranhão, Education and Exact and Natural Sciences Center, Paulo VI University Campus, São Cristóvão, P.O. Box 09, 65067-320 São Luís, MA, Brazil.
⁴ Postgraduate Program in Adult Health (PPGSAD), Biological and Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Maranhão, Bacanga University Campus, Avenida dos Portugueses s/n, Block 3, Room 3A, 65085-580 São Luís, MA, Brazil.
⁵ Department of Chemistry and Biology (CECEN), State University of Maranhão, Education and Exact and Natural Sciences Center, Paulo VI University Campus, São Cristóvão, P.O. Box 09, 65067-320 São Luís, MA, Brazil.
⁶ Postgraduate Program in Clinical Medicine, Medical Sciences School, State University of Campinas, Rua Vital Brazil 251, Zeferino Vaz University City, Barão Geraldo, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
⁷ Federal Institute of Espírito Santo (IFES), Ministro Salgado Filho Avenue, S/No-Soteco Neighborhood, 29106-010 Vila Velha, ES, Brazil.

Abstract

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in Western civilizations. The type of fatty acid which makes up the diet is related to the cardiovascular morbimortality and the formation of atheromas. Populations with high consumption of oils and fats have a higher number of deaths from CVD.

Purpose: In the present study, the objective was to comparatively analyze the microcirculatory effects of unrefined babassu oil with olive oil in microcirculation and liver of male hamsters of the species Mesocricetus auratus, checking the permeability to macromolecules after ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) without and with topical application of histamine 5 × 10^-6 M. This is an experimental study, using as model the hamster's cheek pouch, which was prepared for intravital microscopy. The hamsters were divided into seven groups and orally treated for 14 days, twice a day (at 8 AM and 4 PM), orally received treatments in the following doses: unrefined babassu oil (BO) 0.02 mL/dose (group BO-2), 0.06 mL/dose (group BO-6), and 0.18 mL/dose (BO-18 group); extra virgin olive oil (OI) 0.02 mL/dose (group OI-2), 0.06 mL/dose (group OI-6), and 0.18 mL/dose (OI-18 group); and mineral oil (MO) 0.18 mL/dose (MO-18 group). The observations were made on the 15th day on the hamsters' cheek pouch; the increase of vascular permeability induced by I/R with and without histamine application was evaluated, and in the liver the biological material was collected aseptically then fixed in 10% buffered formalin.

Results: Microcirculatory analyses showed a significant reduction in the number of leaks after I/R with and without the topical use of histamine in animals treated with unrefined BO 0.06 mL/dose (BO-6) and 0.18 mL/dose (BO-18) compared to animals treated with OI. The BO group (p < 0.001) presented a dose-response relationship for decreasing leaks after I/R with and without topical use of histamine. Histological liver analyses showed no fat deposition changes in any of the treatment groups. Phytochemical analyses evidenced a chemical compound (C₃₁H₆₀NO₈) in unrefined BO but not in OI.

Conclusions: This experiment demonstrates the protective effect of unrefined BO on the microcirculatory system and its greater dose effect than that of OI. Finding a chemical compound (C₃₁H₆₀NO₈) that is present in BO but not in OI opens the possibility of investigating whether this chemical compound was responsible for the protective effect on membrane permeability.