Requirements for Animal Experiments: Problems and Challenges

Abstract

In vivo models remain a principle screening tool in the drug discovery pipeline. Here, the challenges associated with the need for animal experiments, as well as their impact on research, individual/societal, and economic contexts are discussed. A number of alternatives that, with further development, optimization, and investment, may replace animal experiments are also revised.

Keywords: alternative organisms; animal experiments; in silico; in vitro; in vivo.