Dolerite Fines Used as a Calcium Source for Microbially Induced Calcite Precipitation Reduce the Environmental Carbon Cost in Sandy Soil

Carla C Casas; Alexander Graf; Nicolas Brüggemann; Carl J Schaschke; M Ehsan Jorat

doi:10.3389/fmicb.2020.557119

Dolerite Fines Used as a Calcium Source for Microbially Induced Calcite Precipitation Reduce the Environmental Carbon Cost in Sandy Soil

Front Microbiol. 2020 Sep 8:11:557119. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.557119. eCollection 2020.

Authors

Carla C Casas¹, Alexander Graf², Nicolas Brüggemann², Carl J Schaschke³, M Ehsan Jorat¹

Affiliations

¹ School of Applied Sciences, Abertay University, Dundee, United Kingdom.
² Institute for Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-3: Agrosphere, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany.
³ School of Computing, Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley, United Kingdom.

Abstract

Microbial-Induced Calcite Precipitation (MICP) stimulates soil microbiota to induce a cementation of the soil matrix. Urea, calcium and simple carbon nutrients are supplied to produce carbonates via urea hydrolysis and induce the precipitation of the mineral calcite. Calcium chloride (CaCl₂) is typically used as a source for calcium, but basic silicate rocks and other materials have been investigated as alternatives. Weathering of calcium-rich silicate rocks (e.g., basalt and dolerite) releases calcium, magnesium and iron; this process is associated with sequestration of atmospheric CO₂ and formation of pedogenic carbonates. We investigated atmospheric carbon fluxes of a MICP treated sandy soil using CaCl₂ and dolerite fines applied on the soil surface as sources for calcium. Soil-atmosphere carbon fluxes were monitored over 2 months and determined with an infrared gas analyser connected to a soil chamber. Soil inorganic carbon content and isotopic composition were determined with isotope-ratio mass spectrometry. In addition, soil-atmosphere CO₂ fluxes during chemical weathering of dolerite fines were investigated in incubation experiments with gas chromatography. Larger CO₂ emissions resulted from the application of dolerite fines (116 g CO₂-C m^-2) compared to CaCl₂ (79 g CO₂-C m^-2) but larger inorganic carbon precipitation also occurred (172.8 and 76.9 g C m^-2, respectively). Normalising to the emitted carbon to precipitated carbon, the environmental carbon cost was reduced with dolerite fines (0.67) compared to the traditional MICP treatment (1.01). The carbon isotopic signature indicated pedogenic carbonates (δ¹³C_av = -8.2 ± 5.0‰) formed when dolerite was applied and carbon originating from urea (δ¹³C_av = -46.4 ± 1.0‰) precipitated when CaCl₂ was used. Dolerite fines had a large but short-lived (<2 d) carbon sequestration potential, and results indicated peak CO₂ emissions during MICP could be balanced optimising the application of dolerite fines.

Keywords: CO2 emissions; CO2 sequestration; MICP; basaltic quarry fines; calcite; calcium-rich silicate rock; pedogenic carbonates; weathering.