Large-scale variation in single nucleotide polymorphism density within the laboratory axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum)

Dev Dyn. 2021 Jun;250(6):822-837. doi: 10.1002/dvdy.257. Epub 2020 Oct 14.

Abstract

Background: Recent efforts to assemble and analyze the Ambystoma mexicanum genome have dramatically improved the potential to develop molecular tools and pursue genome-wide analyses of genetic variation.

Results: To better resolve the distribution and origins of genetic variation with A mexicanum, we compared DNA sequence data for two laboratory A mexicanum and one A tigrinum to identify 702 million high confidence polymorphisms distributed across the 32 Gb genome. While the wild-caught A tigrinum was generally more polymorphic in a genome-wide sense, several multi-megabase regions were identified from A mexicanum genomes that were actually more polymorphic than A tigrinum. Analysis of polymorphism and repeat content reveals that these regions likely originated from the intentional hybridization of A mexicanum and A tigrinum that was used to introduce the albino mutation into laboratory stocks.

Conclusions: Our findings show that axolotl genomes are variable with respect to introgressed DNA from a highly polymorphic species. It seems likely that other divergent regions will be discovered with additional sequencing of A mexicanum. This has practical implications for designing molecular probes and suggests a need to study A mexicanum phenotypic variation and genome evolution across the tiger salamander clade.

Keywords: SNPs; axolotl; genome; hybrid; salamander.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.

MeSH terms

  • Ambystoma mexicanum / genetics*
  • Animals
  • Biological Variation, Population*
  • Genome*
  • Mutation
  • Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide*