NoPeak: k-mer-based motif discovery in ChIP-Seq data without peak calling

Abstract

Motivation: The discovery of sequence motifs mediating DNA-protein binding usually implies the determination of binding sites using high-throughput sequencing and peak calling. The determination of peaks, however, depends strongly on data quality and is susceptible to noise.

Results: Here, we present a novel approach to reliably identify transcription factor-binding motifs from ChIP-Seq data without peak detection. By evaluating the distributions of sequencing reads around the different k-mers in the genome, we are able to identify binding motifs in ChIP-Seq data that yield no results in traditional pipelines.

Availability and implementation: NoPeak is published under the GNU General Public License and available as a standalone console-based Java application at https://github.com/menzel/nopeak.

Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.