Objective: To investigate the status of anxiety and depression in patients requiring emergency treatment during the epidemic of COVID-19 to identify the patients with acute psychological stress disorder.
Methods: During the COVID-19 epidemic, the medical staff divided the patients visiting the emergency department into suspected group, fever group and control group through interview of the patients at triage. Self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) and self-rating depression scale (SDS) were distributed to each patient, and a trained medical staff was responsible for assisting the patient to complete the scales.
Results: A total of 557 sets of scales were distributed, including 211 in suspected COVID-19 case group, 167 in fever group and 179 in the control group. A total of 516 scales were retrieved, including 197 in suspected case group, 151 in fever group and 168 in control group. In the 3 groups, the incidence rates of anxiety and depression were 57.87% and 58.88%, 48.34% and 43.71%, and 18.31% and 18.99%, respectively, and the rates were significantly higher in suspected group and fever group than in the control group (P < 0.01), and significantly higher in suspected group than in fever group (P < 0.05). The standardized anxiety and depression scale scores in suspected case group, fever group and control group were 57.38±16.25 and 42.58±14.27, 51.23±15.29 and 38.32±15.39, and 32.58±17.8 and 12.25±12.94, respectively. Compared with the control group, both suspected case group and fever group had significantly higher standard scores for anxiety and depression (P < 0.01), and suspected case group had significantly higher standardized scores than fever group (P < 0.01).
Conclusions: Among the patients visiting the emergency treatment, the patients with suspected COVID-19 and common fever are more likely to develop anxiety and depressive symptoms.
目的: 通过焦虑抑郁量表对COVID-19流行期间来医院急诊就医患者的焦虑抑郁现状调查，发现急性心理应激障碍患者，为COVID-19的综合防控提供资料。
方法: 在新型冠状病毒肺炎流行期间，医护人员在急诊就医预检分诊台通过询问将急诊就医患者分为疑似组、发热组和对照组，发放自制的焦虑自评量表(SAS)和抑郁自评量表(SDS)给每位患者，并由一位接受过量表培训的医护人员负责答疑或协助完成量表的评估。
结果: 共发放557套量表，其中疑似组211份，发热组167份，对照组179份; 共收回516份量表，其中疑似组197份，发热组151份，对照组收回168份。疑似组、发热组和对照组焦虑与抑郁发生率分别为57.87%与58.88%，48.34%与43.71%，18.31%与18.99 %，与对照组比较，疑似组和发热组焦虑与抑郁发生率均较高(P < 0.01);疑似组与发热组比较，抑郁与焦虑发生率高(P < 0.05);说明在发热门诊就医的疑似COVID-19患者较普通发热患者、发热患者(包括疑似新冠患者和普通发热患者)较普通患者更易发生焦虑与抑郁情绪。焦虑和抑郁量表评分标准化后，疑似组、发热组和对照组标准分分别为57.38±16.25和42.58±14.27，51.23±15.29和38.32±15.39，32.58±17.8和12.25± 12.94;与对照组比较，疑似组和发热组的焦虑和抑郁的标准分均高(P < 0.01)，与发热组比较，疑似组的焦虑和抑郁的标准分明显高(P < 0.01)。
结论: 在COVID-19流行期间，来医院急诊就医患者，被疑似COVID-19患者和发热患者更易出现焦虑抑郁情绪，应做好综合防控。
Keywords: COVID-19; acute psychological stress disorder; self-rating anxiety scale; self-rating depression scale.