The accelerating development of gene therapy from research towards clinical trials and beyond has elevated the demand for practical viral vector-manufacturing solutions. The use of disposable upstream technology is gaining traction in clinical manufacturing. Packed-bed or fixed-bed reactors, where column is packed with immobilized biocatalyst particles providing surface to constrain the cells in a particular region of the reactor, have been widely used in bioprocessing applications since mid-1900s. However, the world's first single-use, fully integrated, high cell density, fixed-bed bioreactor was launched only approximately a decade ago. By now, several single-use, fixed-bed technology solutions have been developed in a small scale. Scaling-up the manufacturing can be challenging and for commercial-scale manufacturing, there is practically only one single-use, good manufacturing practice-compliant option available. This study reviews the latest, fully disposable, fixed-bed bioreactors; compares the virus production in the different systems; and discusses important manufacturing cost-related topics. It is predicted that single-use, fixed-bed bioreactors will receive even more attention in the field of viral vector manufacturing and commercialization, especially with the need for higher virus titers and virus yields.
Keywords: adeno-associated virus; adenovirus; fixed-bed bioreactor; lentivirus; production; single-use bioreactor; viral vaccines.
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