The research is aimed at identifying gender peculiarities of the effects of serological markers of blood groups in the genetic prediction of the development of attention function of adolescent female athletes specialized in sports of different training orientation. The study involved girls of 13-15 years old (n=141), who were divided into two groups according to the classification of sports proposed by A.G. Dembo: Group A - high-speed sports (n=75); Group B - endurance sports (n=66). The control group consisted of female pupils of 13-15 years old (n = 100) and female students of 17-20 years old (n=158) not engaged in sports. The study of attention function was performed according to the proofreading test created by B. Anfimov using a letter table. It was found gender differences in the features of changes in the attention function of pupils and students with different blood groups. Individuals with 0(I) and AB(IV) blood groups have the best associative relationships with different attention features, and individuals with A(II) blood groups have the worst ones. No gender differences were found in the indicators of the attention function of young athletes, whereas in contrast among their age-mates who do not play sports the boys have for sure better values of the presented function than the girls with the same blood groups. Among the students, the best indicators of this function are registered in young men with A (II) blood group compared to girls of the same blood group. It was established the fact of possible use of serological markers of blood groups under the ABO system in genetic prediction of the development of attention function of modern youth.