Common wheat (T. aestivum L.) is also known as allohexaploid wheat. Its genome is composed of A/B/D sub-genomes from three closely related diploid ancestors. The evolutionary history of common wheat is used as a classic example to illustrate the mechanism of species formation and chromosome number variation in the current genetics class. In recent years, with the rapid development and application of research technologies, there have been many breakthroughs in the study of common wheat, at the cytological, molecular and genomic level. Here, we summarize the latest research achievements on common wheat, and discuss our practice in combining them with the genetics teaching. Our approach is not only a supplement to the current genetics textbooks, but also enables students to realize that genetics is a constantly evolving natural science. We aim to enhance students' interests in learning, as well as their systematic learning abilities on genetics and related scientific research frontiers.
普通小麦(T.aestivum L.)又称异源六倍体小麦,其基因组是由来自3个不同二倍体祖先且亲缘关系较近的基因组(A、B和D)构成。普通小麦的进化历程一直是遗传学教学中阐述物种形成和染色体数目变异机制的经典案例。近年来,伴随着科学技术的快速发展和应用,普通小麦的相关研究在细胞学水平、分子水平、基因组水平均取得了重大突破和进展。本文对普通小麦最新研究成果进行了梳理和总结,将相关前沿科学内容与遗传学各章节的理论教学相结合,并应用于遗传学的理论教学中。这不仅是对经典遗传学教材内容的补充和发展,同时也能够让学生认识到遗传学是一门不断发展的自然科学,在提高学生学习兴趣的同时,实现对遗传学基本内容和前沿科学动态的系统学习。.
Keywords: allopolyploid; common wheat; genetics; theoretical teaching.