Detoxification of wood-combustion ashes containing Cr and Cd by thermal treatment

Daniel J Lane; Olli Sippula; Sirpa Peräniemi; Jorma Jokiniemi

doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123315

Detoxification of wood-combustion ashes containing Cr and Cd by thermal treatment

J Hazard Mater. 2020 Dec 5:400:123315. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123315. Epub 2020 Jun 25.

Authors

Daniel J Lane¹, Olli Sippula², Sirpa Peräniemi³, Jorma Jokiniemi⁴

Affiliations

¹ Fine Particle and Aerosol Technology Laboratory, Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland. Electronic address: daniel.lane@uef.fi.
² Fine Particle and Aerosol Technology Laboratory, Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland; Department of Chemistry, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland.
³ School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland.
⁴ Fine Particle and Aerosol Technology Laboratory, Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland.

PMID: 32947715
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123315

Abstract

This study assesses the potential of thermal processing for detoxification of wood-combustion ashes that contain high levels of Cr and Cd. Thermal treatment (1000 °C) of bottom ash and fly ash in an oxidising gas (air) atmosphere resulted in: low volatilisation of Cd and most other heavy metals, oxidation of Cr in the ashes to Cr (VI), and, in the case of the fly ash, significantly increased leaching of Cr and Mo. Thermal treatment in a nitrogen atmosphere resulted in local reducing conditions due to oxidation of ash-derived carbon to CO (g). Thermal treatments in this atmosphere and in a reducing atmosphere consisting of 10 % H₂ and the balance N₂ detoxified the ashes in at least two ways: (i) by substantially removing Cd, Pb, Bi, Tl, and, in the case of the fly ash, Zn from the ashes by volatilisation; and (ii) by thermal reduction of Cr (VI) in the ashes. There was at least a 100-fold reduction in the leaching of total Cr from both the bottom ash and the fly ash following the thermal treatments in reducing conditions. Chromium only leached from the detoxified bottom ash to a significant extent in acidic conditions (pH < 4).

Keywords: Heavy metal; Hexavalent chromium; Leaching; Thermal reduction; Volatilisation.

Publication types

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't