Cofactor engineering, as a new branch of metabolic engineering, mainly involves ATP/ADP, NADH/NAD⁺, NADPH/NADP⁺ and other cofactors. Cofactor engineering can maximize metabolic flow by directly regulating the concentration and form of the cofactor of key enzymes in cells, and quickly direct carbon flow to target metabolites. ATP, as an important cofactor, is involved in many enzyme-catalyzed reactions in microbial cells, and leads to the restriction of the distribution of metabolic pathways by connecting or linking them into a complex network. Therefore, ATP regulation strategy is expected to be a favorable tool for industrial strain modification, to improve the concentration and production capacity of target metabolites, strengthen microbial tolerance to the environment and promote substrate utilization rate. The present review focuses on the recently used effective ATP regulation strategies and the effects of ATP regulation on cell metabolism in order to provide references for the efficient construction of microbial cell factories.
辅因子工程是代谢工程的一个新兴分支领域，主要通过直接调控细胞内关键酶的辅因子，如 ATP/ADP、NADH/NAD⁺、NADPH/NADP⁺等的浓度和形式来实现代谢流的最大化，快速地将物质流导向目标代谢物。ATP作为一种重要辅因子参与微生物细胞内大量的酶催化反应，将物质代谢途径串联或并联成复杂的网络体系，最终使得物质代谢流的分配受到牵制。因此ATP 调控策略有望成为微生物菌株改造的有利工具，用于提高目标代谢物的浓度和生产能力，强化微生物对于环境的耐受以及促进底物利用等。文中将重点论述目前常用的有效ATP控策略以及ATP 调控对于细胞代谢的影响，以期为微生物细胞工厂的高效构建提供参考。.
Keywords: ATP; NADH; biosynthesis; cofactor; metabolic regulation.