Cognitive improvement after cochlear implantation in deaf children with associated disabilities

Dev Med Child Neurol. 2020 Dec;62(12):1429-1436. doi: 10.1111/dmcn.14671. Epub 2020 Sep 11.

Abstract

Aim: To monitor functional auditory and non-verbal cognitive skills in children with cochlear implants who had associated disabilities over a 24-month period and define how cochlear implantation may impact on non-verbal cognition by restoring functional auditory skills.

Method: Sixty-four children with cochlear implants (36 females, 28 males; mean age 4y 3mo, SD 3y 5mo, 9mo-14y 5mo) were recruited and divided into three groups: children with typical development group (TDG); children with associated disabilities not linked to non-verbal cognitive disorders group (ADG1); and children with associated disabilities linked to non-verbal cognitive disorders group (ADG2). Tests of functional auditory, communicative, and non-verbal cognitive skills were performed before cochlear implantation and at 12 and 24 months after cochlear implantation.

Results: Functional auditory and communicative skills improved similarly in the three groups at 12 and 24 months after implantation. An increase in non-verbal cognitive scores was present in children in the ADG2 from baseline to 12 and 24 months (p<0.01), whereas scores remained stable in children in the TDG and ADG1. The increased functional auditory skills scores after cochlear implantation corresponded to an increase in non-verbal cognitive scores (p=0.032) in children in the ADG2.

Interpretation: Children with associated disabilities, especially if linked to non-verbal cognitive disorders, benefitted from cochlear implantation. They improved their comprehension of acoustic information inferred from the environment, improving not only functional auditory skills but also non-verbal cognition.

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Child
  • Child, Preschool
  • Cochlear Implantation*
  • Cognitive Dysfunction / epidemiology
  • Cognitive Dysfunction / etiology
  • Cognitive Dysfunction / surgery*
  • Comorbidity
  • Deafness / complications
  • Deafness / epidemiology
  • Deafness / surgery*
  • Disabled Children / rehabilitation*
  • Female
  • Follow-Up Studies
  • Humans
  • Locomotion / physiology*
  • Male
  • Motor Skills / physiology
  • Neurodevelopmental Disorders / epidemiology
  • Neurodevelopmental Disorders / rehabilitation*
  • Neuropsychological Tests
  • Outcome Assessment, Health Care*
  • Space Perception / physiology
  • Thinking / physiology
  • Visual Perception / physiology