Background: Age alone is not a robust predictor of mortality in critically ill elderly patients. Chronic health status and functional status before admission could be better predictors. This study aimed to determine whether functional status, assessed using the Functional Independence Measure (FIM), could be an independent predictor of mortality in a geriatric population admitted to an intermediate care unit (IMCU).
Methods: A monocentric, retrospective, observational study of all patients aged ≥75 years old admitted to Geneva University Hospitals' geriatric IMCU between 01.01.2012 and 31.05.2016. The study's primary outcome metrics were one-year mortality's associations with a pre-admission FIM score and other relevant prospectively recorded prognostic variables.
Results: A total of 345 patients were included (56% female, mean age 85 +/- 6.5 years). Mean FIM score was 66 +/- 26. One-year mortality was 57%. Dichotomized low (≤ 63) and high FIM (> 63) scores were associated with one-year mortalities of 68 and 44%, respectively. Logistic regression calculations found an association between pre-admission FIM score and one-year mortality (p < 0.0001), including variables usually associated with mortality (e.g., age, sex, comorbidities, mini-mental health state score, renal function). Multivariate survival analysis showed a significant difference between groups, with a hazard ratio of 0.29 (95% CI: 0.13-0.65) for patients with high FIM scores.
Conclusions: In the present study, higher functional status, assessed using the FIM tool before admission to an IMCU, was significantly and independently associated with lower one-year mortality. This opens up perspectives on the potential value of FIM for establishing a finer prognosis and better triage of critically ill older patients.
Keywords: Elderly patients; Functional Independence measure; Functional status; Intermediate care unit; Mortality.