Knowledge and perception on ticks and tick-borne diseases among veterinary medicine students from the North African countries of Algeria, Egypt, and Tunisia

Médiha Khamassi Khbou; Ouarda Ayadi; Amira Adel Al-Hosary; Mohamed Aziz Darghouth; Mohamed Gharbi

doi:10.1016/j.parepi.2020.e00169

Knowledge and perception on ticks and tick-borne diseases among veterinary medicine students from the North African countries of Algeria, Egypt, and Tunisia

Parasite Epidemiol Control. 2020 Jul 31:11:e00169. doi: 10.1016/j.parepi.2020.e00169. eCollection 2020 Nov.

Authors

Médiha Khamassi Khbou^{1

2}, Ouarda Ayadi³, Amira Adel Al-Hosary⁴, Mohamed Aziz Darghouth², Mohamed Gharbi²

Affiliations

¹ Laboratory of Infectious Animal Diseases, Zoonosis, and Sanitary Regulation, Univ. Manouba, Institution of Agricultural Research and Higher Education, National School of Veterinary Medicine of Sidi Thabet, Sidi Thabet 2020, Tunisia.
² Laboratory of Parasitology, Univ. Manouba, Institution of Agricultural Research and Higher Education, National School of Veterinary Medicine of Sidi Thabet, Sidi Thabet 2020, Tunisia.
³ Laboratoire PADESCA, Institut des Sciences Vétérinaires, El Khroub, Université des Frères Mentouri-Constantine 1, Algeria.
⁴ Department of Animal Medicine (Infectious Diseases), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, P.O. Box 71526, Egypt.

Abstract

Ticks are important vectors of both animal and human pathogens. The epidemiology of tick-borne diseases (TBDs) has dramatically changed in several regions in the world. As parasitology is a continuously growing field, assessing the knowledge of veterinary medicine students provides useful indicators and information on the level of intervention required to adapt parasitological courses to meet the demands in a changing world. This study aimed to assess, in three North African veterinary education establishments, the basic parasitology knowledge of veterinary medicine students. Such a study is essential to build up core competencies regarding ticks and TBDs, and to suggest suitable adjustment measures to parasitology courses. The present study was based on a self-administered and anonymous questionnaire on ticks and TBDs basic knowledge and perception. The survey was completed by 558 veterinary medicine students in Algeria, Egypt, and Tunisia in 2018. The students were divided into two groups: the "before" group - students who had not yet completed the parasitology course, and the "after" group - students who had already completed it. In all studied countries, the "after" students' group gave significantly more correct answers (83.16%) than the "before" students' group (16.84%) (p < 0.001). Similarly, the percentage of "no answer" was higher in the "before" students' group (51.02%) compared to the "after" students' group (48.98%) (p < 0.001). The most frequent false answers provided by the "after" students' group regarded the number of tick species present in their own countries (5.14% of correct answers), and the most common tick species in their countries (18.11% of correct answers). Almost 58.38% (216/370) of the "after" students' group knew that ticks transmit zoonotic pathogens to humans; among them, only 63 (29.17%) gave the correct names of the zoonotic diseases in their country. Among the three countries, more than 80% of the "after" students' group thought that climate has an influences on ticks. According to this group, the most frequent factor that has influences on ticks' abundance is heat (53.02%). As North African countries share several similitudes, we suggest creating a network of parasitological teachers where common teaching sources and resources could be developed for both teachers and students in the region. This network would allow the exchange of teaching approaches and materials to introduce harmonization into veterinary parasitological courses across North African countries. This is particularly important when considering the increasing incidence of ticks and TBDs in the region.

Keywords: Knowledge; North Africa; Parasitology; Perception; Students; Ticks.