Mathematical modeling for the prediction of some quality parameters of white rice based on the strength properties of samples using response surface methodology (RSM)

Abstract

One of the major problems in predicting the quality properties of rice is that conducting experiments in the food industry can be highly expensive. The objective of this study was to predict some quality properties in varieties (Domsiah, Hashemi, Dorfak, and Kadus) via compression test at moisture levels 9 and 14% w.b. Based on historical data design, RSM was used to model and estimate of dependent variables (amylose (AC) and protein content (PC), gelatinization temperature, gel consistency GC), minimum (Min.V), final (FV), breakdown (BDV) and setback viscosity (SBV), peak time (PT) and pasting temperature (Pa.T)) through independent variables (the rate of force, deformation, rupture energy, tangent, and secant modulus). An ANOVA test showed that models were significant (p < 0.05). The most appropriate model for response variables prediction of AC and GC (Kadus 14%), PC (Domsiah 9%), Min.V, FV, and SBV (Dorfak 9%), BDV (Dorfak 14%), PT (Hashemi 14%), and Pa.T (Kadus 9%) was $R_{\text{pred}}^2$ as 0.86, 0.85, 0.93, 0.955, 0.953, 0.94, 0.94, 0.86, and 0.91, respectively, with the most appropriate optimal values as 23.52%, 48, 10%, 164.95 RVU, 304.12 RVU, 162.66 RVU, 64.52 RVU, 6.09 min, and 92.45°C and desirability as 0.91, 0.95, 0.95, 0.80, 0.89, 0.83, 0.84, 0.89, and 0.96, respectively. The optimal values of the independent variables have a decreasing trend, and the optimal values of the response variables are proportional to the optimal conditions. The results indicated that the RSM could be quite useful in the optimization of the models developed for predicting the rice quality properties.

Keywords: quality properties; response surface methodology; single kernel; strength properties; white rice.