Certain regions of Bosnia and Herzegovina were prominent European sites of endemic syphilis. In 1934 and 1935 the School of Public Health in Zagreb, later the Andrija Štampar School of Public Health, conducted two surveys on endemic syphilis in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The surveys were well-described in the monograph published in 1939 by the School, under the title Endemic Syphilis in Bosnia: Survey by the School of Public Health in Zagreb ("Endemski sifilis u Bosni anketa Škole narodnog zdravlja u Zagrebu"). This paper provides a description of the publication for the first time, presents the most important data from it, and explores its significance from the historical perspective.