Crude Cell-Free Extract From Deinococcus radiodurans Exhibit Anticancer Activity by Inducing Apoptosis in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells

Illiyas Maqbool; M Sudharsan; G Kanimozhi; Sara T Alrashood; Haseeb A Khan; Nagarajan Rajendra Prasad

doi:10.3389/fcell.2020.00707

Crude Cell-Free Extract From Deinococcus radiodurans Exhibit Anticancer Activity by Inducing Apoptosis in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells

Front Cell Dev Biol. 2020 Jul 30:8:707. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00707. eCollection 2020.

Authors

Illiyas Maqbool¹, M Sudharsan¹, G Kanimozhi², Sara T Alrashood³, Haseeb A Khan⁴, Nagarajan Rajendra Prasad¹

Affiliations

¹ Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Annamalai University, Chidambaram, India.
² Dharmapuram Gnanambigai Government Arts College for Women, Mayiladuthurai, India.
³ Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
⁴ Department of Biochemistry, College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Abstract

Extremophilic organisms have the potential to tolerate extremely challenging environments of nature. This property can be accredited to its production of novel secondary metabolites that possess anticancer and other pharmaceutical values. The present study was aimed to investigate the anticancer activity of crude secondary metabolite extract (CSME) obtained from the radiation-tolerant bacterium Deinococcus radiodurans in triple-negative human breast carcinoma (MDA-MB-231) cells. The 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay showed the antiproliferative potential of CSME in MDA-MB-231 cells (IC₅₀ = 25 μg/ml) and MCF-7 cells (IC₅₀ = 10 μg/ml). Further, the CSME treatment led to the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nuclear membrane alterations with the formation of apoptotic bodies in MDA-MB-231 cells. Considerable DNA damage and low antioxidant status were observed in CSME-treated MDA-MB-231 cells. The results also showed that the CSME treatment induced apoptotic markers expression in MDA-MB-231 cells. Western blot results illustrated significant upregulation of p53, caspase-3, and caspase-9 proteins expression. Then, we analyzed the presence of secondary metabolites which may be linked with antiproliferative potential of CSME by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results illustrated the presence of 23 bioactive compounds some of which are already reported to possess anticancer properties. The study indicates that the CSME of D. radiodurans possess anticancer properties and exhibit the potential to be used as an anticancer agent.

Keywords: Deinococcus radiodurans; GC-MS; anticancer agents; apoptosis; bioactive compounds; triple-negative breast carcinoma.