2-［ 18F］-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography ( 18F-FDG PET/CT) combining positron emission tomography with computed tomography is used to evaluate the body's glucose metabolic changes under different conditions. In addition to its established role in oncological imaging, 18F-FDG PET/CT has clinical utility in suspected inflammation and infection. The technique can identify the source of infection in a timely fashion ahead of morphological changes, map the extent and severity of inflammation, guide the site for tissue biopsy and assess therapy response. This article reviewed the use of 18F-FDG PET/CT in infection and inflammation, such as fever of unknown origin, sarcoidosis, vessel vasculitis, osteomyelitis, joint prosthesis or implant-related complications, human immunodeficiency virus-related infections, and other indications, such as inflammatory bowel disease, so as to provide reference for clinicians to select 18F-FDG PET/CT to help them in the diagnosis and treatment of inflammatory diseases.
2-［ 18F］-氟-2-脱氧-D-葡萄糖（ 18F-FDG）-正电子发射计算机断层显像/计算机断层扫描（PET/CT）融合了正电子发射计算机断层显像（PET）和计算机断层扫描（CT）成像技术，可评估不同状况下机体的糖代谢变化。目前该影像技术除了应用于肿瘤之外，也可在炎症和感染性疾病的诊疗中发挥重要作用。 18F-FDG PET/CT 能在形态学变化之前识别感染症状的来源、显示炎性病变累及范围、指导组织活检部位以及评估治疗反应。本文就 18F-FDG PET/CT 在炎性病变，如不明原因发热（FUO）、结节病、血管炎、骨髓炎、关节假体或植入物相关并发症、人类免疫缺陷病毒相关感染、炎性肠病以及其他炎性病变诊治中的应用进展进行综述，以期能为临床医师选择 PET/CT 帮助诊治炎性疾病提供参考。.
Keywords: 2-［18F］-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose; infection; inflammation; positron emission tomography/computed tomography.