Ecosystem service potential, flow, demand and their spatial associations: a comparison of the nutrient retention service between a human- and a nature-dominated watershed

Ying Hou; Shoukang Ding; Weiping Chen; Bo Li; Benjamin Burkhard; Sabine Bicking; Felix Müller

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141341

Ecosystem service potential, flow, demand and their spatial associations: a comparison of the nutrient retention service between a human- and a nature-dominated watershed

Sci Total Environ. 2020 Dec 15:748:141341. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141341. Epub 2020 Aug 2.

Authors

Ying Hou¹, Shoukang Ding², Weiping Chen³, Bo Li⁴, Benjamin Burkhard⁵, Sabine Bicking⁶, Felix Müller⁷

Affiliations

¹ Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
² Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
³ Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. Electronic address: wpchen@rcees.ac.cn.
⁴ School of Natural Resources, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
⁵ Institute of Physical Geography and Landscape Ecology, Leibniz University Hannover, Germany; Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research ZALF, Müncheberg, Germany.
⁶ Institute of Physical Geography and Landscape Ecology, Leibniz University Hannover, Germany; Institute for Natural Resource Conservation, Department of Ecosystem Management, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany.
⁷ Institute for Natural Resource Conservation, Department of Ecosystem Management, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany.

PMID: 32823222
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141341

Abstract

Nutrient regulation is an important ecosystem regulating service in watersheds. However, systematic investigations of the spatial associations between the potential, flow, and demand of the nutrient regulation service are still lacking. Therefore, we performed a case study comparing the total phosphorus (TP) retention in the Dianchi Lake (DL) watershed (human-dominated) with that in the Lower Reach of the Zi River (LRZR) watershed (nature-dominated). We used four indicators-TP retention potential, TP retention, TP load, and TP export-to represent the potential, flow, demand, and flow-demand budget of the TP retention service, respectively. We estimated the TP retention and export using the InVEST tool, mapped the four TP indicators and calculated their correlations, and estimated the contributions of different ecosystem types and terrain ranges to TP retention and export. We determined the following: (1) the incongruity between the spatial distribution of the TP retention potential and the other three TP indicators was smaller in the LRZR watershed than in the DL watershed; (2) the TP retention potentials generally increased-while the other three TP indicators decreased-with increases in the elevation gradient in the DL watershed and the slope gradients in both study areas; and (3) paddy fields exhibited the highest TP retention intensity and residential areas exhibited the highest TP export intensity among the major ecosystem types in both study areas. Moreover, the TP retention intensities of dryland crops and residential areas in the DL watershed were much higher than they were in the LRZR watershed. Our findings imply that the flow of the nutrient retention service is influenced more by the service demand than by the service potential and that it is influenced by both landscape composition and pattern. Because of the limitations and uncertainties in the modeling outputs, our results should be carefully used in other studies or in decision-making.

Keywords: Ecosystem types; Landscape pattern; Pollution mitigation; Spatial inconsistency; Terrain gradient; Total phosphorus.