Objective: To investigate the effectiveness of the treatment under the guidance of "diamond concept" for femoral shaft fractures nonunion after intramedullary fixation.
Methods: Between January 2014 and December 2016, 21 cases of femoral shaft fractures nonunion after intramedullary fixation were treated with auxiliary plate fixation combined with autogenous iliac graft, and autologous bone marrow concentrate and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) gel under the guidance of the "diamond concept". There were 13 males and 8 females, with an average age of 32.5 years (range, 17-48 years). All fractures were closed femoral shaft fractures. Four patients underwent internal fixation with plate and resulted in nonunion, then they were fixed with intramedullary nails, but did not heal either. The rest 17 patients were fixed with intramedullary nailing. Fracture nonunion classification: 4 cases of hypertrophic nonunion, 17 cases of atrophic nonunion; the length of bone defect was 1-3 mm; the duration from the last treatment to the current treatment was 10-23 months (mean, 14.3 months). The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, the time between operation and full loading, fracture healing time, and complications were recorded. The visual analogue scale (VAS) score and the imaging system of fracture healing of the extremities (RUST) of patients before operation and at last follow-up were recorded to evaluate the fracture healing; the function of the affected limb was evaluated according to the Schatzker-Lambert efficacy score standard at last follow-up.
Results: The operation time was 105-160 minutes, with an average of 125.6 minutes; the intraoperative blood loss was 160-580 mL, with an average of 370.5 mL. All incisions healed by first intention, without vascular or nerve injury. All patients were followed up 22-46 months (mean, 26.5 months). All the fractures healed, with a fracture healing time of 3-7 months (mean, 4.8 months). During the follow-up, there was no infection, loosening, implant breakage, re-fracture, and other complications. The VAS score at last follow-up was 0.8±0.3, showing significant difference ( t=7.235, P=0.000) when compared with preoperative score (5.2±3.7); the RUST score was 3.4±0.3, which was significantly higher than the preoperative score (1.5±0.7) ( t=8.336, P=0.000). According to the Schatzker-Lambert effectiveness evaluation standard, the limb function was excellent in 16 cases, good in 4 cases, fair in 1 case, and the excellent and good rate was 95.42%.
Conclusion: Nonunion after intramedullary fixation of femoral fracture treated with auxiliary plate combined with autogenous iliac graft, autogenous bone marrow concentration and PRP gel in accordance with the "diamond concept" can not only restore the stability of the fracture ends, but also improves the biological environment of the fracture site, and can improve the rate of fracture healing.
目的: 探讨在“菱形理念”指导下治疗股骨干骨折髓内钉固定术后不愈合的临床疗效。.
方法: 回顾分析 2014 年 1 月—2016 年 12 月应用“菱形理念”，采取辅助钢板固定联合自体髂骨植骨、自体骨髓浓集液及富血小板血浆（platelet rich plasma，PRP）凝胶治疗的 21 例股骨干骨折髓内钉固定术后不愈合患者资料。其中男 13 例，女 8 例；年龄 17～48 岁，平均 32.5 岁。均为闭合性股骨干骨折，4 例首次钢板内固定不愈合后更换为髓内钉固定仍不愈合，余 17 例首次采取髓内钉固定。骨折不愈合分型：肥大性骨不连 4 例，萎缩性骨不连 17 例；骨折端骨缺损长度 1～3 mm；末次治疗至该次治疗时间 10～23 个月，平均 14.3 个月。记录患者手术时间、术中出血量、开始完全负重时间、骨折愈合时间和并发症发生情况。记录患者术前及末次随访时疼痛视觉模拟评分（VAS）、四肢骨折愈合影像系统评分（RUST）评价骨折愈合程度；末次随访时根据 Schatzker-Lambert 疗效评分标准评价患肢功能。.
结果: 手术时间 105～160 min，平均 125.6 min；术中出血量 160～580 mL，平均 370.5 mL。术后切口均Ⅰ期愈合，无血管、神经损伤。患者均获随访，随访时间 22～46 个月，平均 26.5 个月。骨折均愈合，愈合时间 3～7 个月，平均 4.8 个月。随访期间无感染、内固定物松动、断裂及再骨折等并发症发生。末次随访时，VAS 评分为（0.8±0.3）分，较术前（5.2±3.7）分明显下降（ t=7.235， P=0.000）；RUST 评分为（3.4±0.3）分，较术前（1.5±0.7）分显著提高（ t=8.336， P=0.000）；按 Schatzker-Lambert 疗效评分标准评价患肢功能，优 16 例，良 4 例，可 1 例，优良率 95.42%。.
结论: 按照“菱形理念”采取辅助钢板联合自体髂骨、自体骨髓浓集液及 PRP 凝胶治疗股骨干骨折髓内钉固定术后不愈合，既可以恢复骨折端的稳定性，又改善了骨折端的生物学环境，提高了骨折愈合率。.
Keywords: Femoral fracture; bone marrow concentration; diamond concept; intramedullary nail; nonunion; platelet-rich plasma.