Covering: up to April 2020Fungal benzene carbaldehydes with salicylaldehydes as predominant representatives carry usually hydroxyl groups, prenyl moieties and alkyl side chains. They are found in both basidiomycetes and ascomycetes as key intermediates or end products of various biosynthetic pathways and exhibit diverse biological and pharmacological activities. The skeletons of the benzene carbaldehydes are usually derived from polyketide pathways catalysed by iterative fungal polyketide synthases. The aldehyde groups are formed by direct PKS releasing, reduction of benzoic acids or oxidation of benzyl alcohols.