Indications and Complications of Androgen Deprivation Therapy

Abstract

Objective: To review the indications for and side effects of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) in men affected by prostate cancer.

Data sources: National guidelines, evidence-based summaries, peer-reviewed studies, and websites.

Conclusion: Indications for ADT include men with (1) intermediate- to high-risk localised prostate cancer undergoing radiation therapy, (2) biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy treated with salvage radiation therapy, or (3) metastatic prostate cancer. Several forms of ADT are available. To support self-management, body weight, diet, physical activity, alcohol consumption, and smoking should be discussed during clinical consultations. Important side effects of ADT may include flare-up phenomena of GnRH analogues, local reactions at injection sites, cardiovascular events, bone loss/fractures, drug-drug interactions, urinary tract dysfunction, hot flashes, cognitive impairment, seizure falls, and liver impairment.

Implications for nursing practice: Nurses have a role in personalized cancer care and should be familiar with indications, side effects, and interventions to optimize quality of life for men affected by prostate cancer receiving ADT.

Keywords: Androgen deprivation therapy; Nursing; Prostate cancer; Side effects.