Methods matter: instrumental variable analysis may be a complementary approach to intention-to-treat analysis and as treated analysis when analysing data from sports injury trials
1 Inter-university Laboratory of Human Movement Science (LIBM EA 7424), University of Lyon, University Jean Monnet, Saint-Etienne, France Pascal.Edouard42@gmail.com.
2 Department of Clinical and Exercise Physiology, Sports Medicine Unit, IRMIS, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France.
3 European Athletics Medical & Anti Doping Commission, European Athletics Association (EAA), Lausanne, Switzerland.
4 Medical Commission, French Athletics Federation (FFA), Paris, France.
5 Swiss Olympic Medical Center, Centre de médecine du sport, Division de médecine physique et réadaptation, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland.
6 Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Oslo, Norway.
7 Mines Saint-Etienne, INSERM, U 1059 Sainbiose, CIS, Univ Lyon, Univ Jean Monnet, Saint-Etienne, France.
8 Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
9 Department of Public Health, Section for Sports Science, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
10 Research Unit for General Practice, Aarhus, Denmark.