To assess knowledge regarding symptoms and treatment of anaphylaxis, a vignette of a child having an allergic reaction to a peanut was presented to residents in an allergy clinic. Twelve sets of clinical outcomes ranging from severe multi-organ to mild single organ involvement were described, and residents were asked if each symptom set met criteria for diagnosis of anaphylaxis, whether epinephrine should be administered acutely and prescribed at follow-up, and whether peanuts should be avoided in the future. Of cases that met the definition of anaphylaxis 28.8% were incorrectly diagnosed, in 13.6% of cases they would allow peanuts to be eaten again, and in 23.9% of cases they would not prescribe epinephrine at follow-up. In 26.1% of cases meeting criteria for acute anaphylaxis residents would not administer epinephrine. Deficits regarding the diagnosis and treatment of anaphylaxis by residents were identified, and increased educational efforts are needed.
Keywords: anaphylaxis; clinical competence; epinephrine; health knowledge; pediatric residents; practice.