A Novel Imaging Grading Biomarker for Predicting Hearing Loss in Acoustic Neuromas

Abstract

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate an imaging biomarker based on contrast enhanced T1-weighted and T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to determine the hearing loss related to acoustic neuromas (AN).

Methods: In this retrospective study, 441 acoustic neuromas treated with microsurgery were included. The diagnostic and follow-up MRI and audiometry of these patients were compared.

Results: We discovered a new MRI grading biomarker based on the percentage of tumor filling the inner auditory canal (TFIAC classification). The area under the receiver operating characteristics (AUROC) curve was highest for TFIAC (0.675), followed by period of observation (0.615) and tumor size (0.6) (P < 0.001). The percentage of patients in TFIAC grade III (90.1%) experiencing hypoacusis prior to microsurgery was significantly higher than that in TFIAC grade I (72.7%, P = 0.037) and TFIAC grade IV patients had a higher rate of non-serviceable hearing compared to TFIAC grade III patients (P < 0.001). During the follow-up, TFIAC grade IV patients experienced a significantly higher rate of non-serviceable hearing than TFIAC grade III patients in all ANs (P < 0.001) and in serviceable hearing acoustic neuroma cases prior to surgery (TFIAC grade IV 55.4%, TFIAC grade III 69.0%, P = 0.045). The TFIAC grade IV patients experienced a significantly higher rate of facial nerve dysfunction than TFIAC grade III patients after surgery (grade IV 48.0%, grade III 26.1%, P < 0.001).

Conclusion: The TFIAC classification serves as a potential imaging biomarker for preoperative and postoperative hearing prediction in ANs, which may aid neurosurgeons in predicting hearing loss and selecting optimal surgical strategies.

Keywords: Hearing preservation; Imaging classification; Inner auditory canal; Neuromicrosurgery; Vestibular schwannomas.