The development of new herbicides based on allelochemicals is a potential strategy of weed control in arable field. Pyrone, a novel derivative of tricin, has significant inhibitory effects on weeds. Its safety for crops, especially for millet that are sensitive to commercial herbicides, is still poorly understood. In this study, germination test and pot experiments were conducted to evaluate the safety of pyrone on 20 millet varieties, compared with 2,4-D. The results showed that, except that Jinfen109 was sensitive to high concentration 2,4-D, both pyrone and 2,4-D had no effect on the germination rates of other varieties. Results of the pot experiment showed that pyrone treatment significantly increased the chlorophyll content of millet by 9.0%-67.9%, which was the greatest for Jigu 42. Pyrone treatment did not affect maximal photochemical efficiency, potential photochemical activity, actual photochemical efficiency, and non-photochemical quenching coefficient. On the contrary, 2,4-D significantly inhibited the fluorescence parameters of millet varieties. Pyrone treatment increased the activities of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and catalase in leaves of Dunza16, Jigu 39, Jigu 41 and Jingu 28, with the magnitude of enhancement being higher than 2,4-D. The results indicated that the allelochemical derivative pyrone is highly safe to the growth of millet seedlings and has the potential to be a new herbicide to millet field.
基于化感物质开发新型除草剂是植物化感作用在绿色农业应用中极具开发潜力的杂草控制策略。前期研究发现,化感物质衍生物吡喃酮具有显著的杂草抑制效果,但其对作物安全性,尤其是对除草剂极为敏感的杂粮作物的安全性还需进一步研究。本研究采用萌发试验和盆栽试验将其与市售除草剂2,4-D对20个谷子品种的安全性进行了评价。结果表明: 除晋汾109号对高浓度2,4-D比较敏感外,吡喃酮和2,4-D对其他品种的萌发率无显著影响。盆栽试验表明,吡喃酮显著提高了谷子的叶绿素含量,增幅达9.0%～67.9%,其中对冀谷42号的作用最强。与对照相比,吡喃酮对谷子叶片最大光化学效率、实际光化学效率、电子传递速率和非光化学猝灭系数无显著影响,而2,4-D对不同品种谷子荧光参数产生显著的抑制作用。吡喃酮处理下吨杂16号、冀谷39号、冀谷41号和晋谷28号叶片的超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶和过氧化氢酶等活性显著高于对照,且上升幅度显著高于2,4-D。表明化感物质衍生物吡喃酮对谷子幼苗期生长具有较高的安全性,有望成为谷田新型的除草剂。.
Keywords: antioxidant enzyme; crop safety; millet; photosynthetic fluorescence characteristics.