What personality types dominate among nurses and paramedics: A scoping review?

Abstract

Background: Certain personality traits captured by the Big Five framework have been shown to play an important role in predicting burnout in response to stressors, with evidence they reflect a relationship to psychological resilience. Understanding such distributions can subsequently serve to facilitate identification and implementation of more specifically targeted preventative strategies.

Methods: Arksey and O'Malley's five stage scoping was used to review the literature. The research question that guided this scoping was: Big Five personality factor predominance's among nurses and paramedics, and any relationships with constructs critical for wellbeing. Five electronic databases were searched during November 2018: PsycINFO, Embase, Medline, ProQuest and Scopus.

Results: Eighteen articles met inclusion criteria. Two broad themes emerged: those specifically about personality traits of nurses and/or paramedics, and those concerned with various associations between one or other construct and personality trait(s). Low Neuroticism and higher Extraversion are considered desirable traits in nurses and paramedics as they have each been found to have a negative correlation with burnout.

Conclusions: Nurses and paramedics with higher Neuroticism and lower Extraversion suggest being less suited to their profession, particularly when exposed to critical incidents.

Keywords: Allied Health Personnel; Big Five personality factors; Nurses; Resilience; Stress disorders.