Objective: To investigate the dietary nutrition status of lactating mothers in Beijing and the relationship between dietary nutrition level and breast milk composition.
Methods: Using convenient sampling, fifty-two lactating mothers were investigated and their breast milk was collected from May 2018 to July 2018. Dietary nutrient intake and the incidence of insufficiency nutrients intake were calculated. Dietary nutrient intake was compared with the dietary reference intake of Chinese residents. The relationship between dietary nutrition and breast milk composition was analyzed by multiple linear regression.
Results: The total energy intake was(1674. 15±655. 85) kcal, which was lower than the recommended value; protein(72. 77(45. 33, 92. 25)g), fat(66. 94(39. 26, 83. 83)g) and carbohydrates((208. 34±85. 77)g) were insufficient, of which the energy supply ratio of carbohydrates(49. 8%) was lower than the recommended value, while the protein(17. 39%) and fat(35. 99%) were higher than the recommended value. The insufficiency rate of vitamin A(73. 1%), folic acid(76. 9%), calcium(75. 0%) were also high. The ratio of energy produced by three meals was about 3∶4∶3, and the proportion of high-quality protein in dietary protein exceeded 50%. The fat(P=0. 007), dry matter(P=0. 006) and total energy(P=0. 006) in breast milk were affected by the protein in the diet, but protein(P=0. 283)and sugar(P=0. 307) in breast milk were not affected by dietary factors.
Conclusion: The intakes of many nutrients of lactating mother are insufficient, especially energy and macronutrients. The fat, dry matter and total energy in breast milk are affected by the protein in the diet.
Keywords: breast milk composition; evaluation of dietary; infants feeding; lactating mother; nutrient.