Objectives To compare pregnancy outcomes with medication assisted treatment using. methadone or buprenorphine in term mothers with opioid use disorder. Methods A cohort of women receiving medication assisted treatment with either methadone or buprenorphine were identified from delivery records over a 10-year period. Women were excluded with delivery <37 weeks, multiple gestations, or a known anomalous fetus. Maternal demographics, medications, mode of delivery, birthweight, newborn length of stay, and neonatal abstinence syndrome were extracted. The study was IRB approved and a p-value of <0.05 was significant. Results There were 260 women, 140 (53.8%) with methadone use and 120 (46.2%) with buprenorphine use. Groups were similar for maternal age, race, parity, homeless rate, tobacco use, mode of delivery and incidence of neonatal abstinence syndrome. The methadone group had a lower mean newborn birthweight (2874±459 g) and a greater incidence of low birth weight (11.4%) than the buprenorphine group (3282±452 g; p<0.001 and 2.5%; p=0.006). The incidence of neonatal abstinence syndrome was similar between groups (97% methadone vs. 92.5% buprenorphine; p=0.08). The methadone group had a longer newborn length of stay (11.4+7.4 days) and more newborn treatment with morphine (44.6%) than the buprenorphine group (8.2+4.4 days; p<0.001 and 24.2%; p<0.001). Maternal methadone use was an independent predictor for a newborn length of hospital stay >7 days (OR 3.61; 95% confidence interval 1.32-9.86; p=0.01). Conclusions Medication assisted treatment favors buprenorphine use when compared to. methadone with an increased birthweight, reduced need for newborn treatment, and a shorter newborn length of stay in term infants.
Keywords: neonatal abstinence syndrome; opioid use disorder; pregnancy.