Objectives: To search the publications related to this topic, subsequently to find out a prevalence of prematurity worldwide and classification of preterm birth, to analyze the both maternal and foetal risk factors related to preterm birth, to depict relationship between prematurity and developmental defects of enamel and development of dental caries.
Material and methods: A review was carried out to identify relevant studies reporting data on risk factors of prematurity, low birth weight and its' relationship between developmental defects of enamel and early childhood caries. The data was extracted from the selected papers.
Results: A total 75 of articles were identified after initial search and 48 publications were enrolled in this review.
Conclusion: Prematurity and low birth weight of child can cause both general and oral health complications and altered infant's development or growth.