Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses Against Microsporidia Infection in Mammals

Yinze Han; Hailong Gao; Jinzhi Xu; Jian Luo; Bing Han; Jialing Bao; Guoqing Pan; Tian Li; Zeyang Zhou

doi:10.3389/fmicb.2020.01468

Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses Against Microsporidia Infection in Mammals

Front Microbiol. 2020 Jun 26:11:1468. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01468. eCollection 2020.

Authors

Yinze Han^{1

2}, Hailong Gao^{1

2}, Jinzhi Xu^{1

2}, Jian Luo^{1

2}, Bing Han³, Jialing Bao^{1

2}, Guoqing Pan^{1

2}, Tian Li^{1

2}, Zeyang Zhou^{1

2

4}

Affiliations

¹ State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
² Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
³ Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, The Bronx, NY, United States.
⁴ College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China.

Abstract

Microsporidia are obligate intracellular and eukaryotic pathogens that can infect immunocompromised and immunocompetent mammals, including humans. Both innate and adaptive immune systems play important roles against microsporidian infection. The innate immune system can partially eliminate the infection by immune cells, such as gamma delta T cell, natural killer cells (NKs), macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs), and present the pathogens to lymphocytes. The innate immune cells can also prime and enhance the adaptive immune response via surface molecules and secreted cytokines. The adaptive immune system is critical to eliminate microsporidian infection by activating cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) and humoral immune responses, and feedback regulation of the innate immune mechanism. In this review, we will discuss the cellular and molecular responses and functions of innate and adaptive immune systems against microsporidian infection.

Keywords: adaptive immunity; immune response; innate immunity; mammal host; microsporidia.

Publication types

Review