Context: The relevance of hyponatremia has been acknowledged by guidelines from the United States (2013) and Europe (2014). However, treatment recommendations differ due to limited evidence.
Objective: In hyponatremia following pituitary surgery-caused by the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) secretion-we compared fluid restriction with the pharmacological increase of water excretion by blocking the vasopressin 2 receptors with tolvaptan at a low and a moderate dose.
Design: Prospective observational study.
Setting: Neurosurgical Department of a University hospital with more than 200 surgical pituitary procedures per year.
Patients: Patients undergoing pituitary surgery and developing serum sodium below 136 mmol/L. The diagnosis of SIADH was established by euvolemia (daily measurement of body weight and fluid balance), inappropriately concentrated urine (specific gravity), and exclusion of adrenocorticotropic and thyroid-stimulating hormone deficiency.
Intervention: Patients were treated with fluid restriction (n = 40) or tolvaptan at 3.75 (n = 38) or 7.5 mg (n = 48).
Main outcome measures: Treatment efficacy was assessed by the duration of hyponatremia, sodium nadir, and length of hospitalization. Safety was established by a sodium increment below 10 mmol/L per day and exclusion of side effects.
Results: Treatment with 7.5 mg of tolvaptan resulted in a significant attenuation of hyponatremia and in a significant overcorrection of serum sodium in 30% of patients. The duration of hospitalization did not differ between treatment groups.
Conclusions: Tolvaptan at a moderate dose is more effective than fluid restriction in the treatment of SIADH. Overcorrection of serum sodium may be a side effect of tolvaptan even at low doses.
Keywords: antidiuretic hormone; fluid restriction; hyponatremia; pituitary surgery; tolvaptan; vasopressin.
© Endocrine Society 2020.