This work is the first study about the joint effect (influence) of carbon dioxide emissions (CO2) from transport and anemia influence on under-five mortality in the Republic of Benin. We focused on that interaction effect and provide scientific pieces of evidence through multiple linear and multinomial regression models. Therefore, the World Bank yearly data about Benin has been used. Time series analysis and co-integration checking were done to deepen the study. The interaction of anemia and CO2 emissions from transport influences positively under-five mortality (U5M) rate (p = 0.00). Findings reveal that when CO2 emissions from transport and anemia increase of 1 unit in a given year, Benin is likely to have 10 deaths over 1000 live births higher on the under-five mortality rate the following year.
Keywords: Anemia; Benin; Carbon dioxide; Transportation; Under-five mortality.