Case: We present a 44-year-old man diagnosed with atraumatic, idiopathic acute compartment syndrome (ACS) of the left lower extremity treated with an emergent single incision fasciotomy with the release of the anterior and lateral compartments. The patient's condition was diagnosed without delay and successfully treated, resulting in a full recovery.
Conclusion: Immediate diagnosis and emergent surgical treatment of atraumatic ACS is critical in preventing surgical complications and preserving function of the limb. Recognition of this condition existing in the absence of the typical history of an inciting event or underlying predisposition is important to avoid missing the need for emergent surgical intervention.