Effect of music therapy on cortisol as a stress biomarker in children undergoing IV-line insertion

Abstract

Objective: An IV-line insertion can often provoke stress that can lead to an increase in cortisol levels. Complementary medication such as music therapy is needed to overcome the increase in cortisol levels. We conducted this study to determine the effect of music therapy on salivary cortisol levels in children with leukaemia undergoing IV-line insertion.

Method: This was a pre-experimental study with a pre- and post-test design. We analysed the salivary cortisol levels in 30 children with leukaemia undergoing IV-Line insertion from January until February 2018. Music was played using earphones after the completion of the IV-line insertion procedure. The salivary cortisol levels were analysed by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test. Changes in cortisol levels were considered clinically significant if the differences were ≥0.05 ng/ml. The Wilcoxon test was used to test the effect of music therapy on cortisol levels and a p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Result: Levels of cortisol before and after the music therapy had a median (min-max) of 4.14 (0.25-9.89) and 3.47 (0.16-15.31), respectively. The median difference of cortisol levels was 0.67 ng/ml. This change of ≥0.05 ng/ml indicates the clinical effect of music therapy on cortisol levels. Though the music therapy did not significantly affect salivary cortisol levels (p = 0.99), this study revealed the clinical effect of music therapy in reducing cortisol levels.

Conclusions: This study did not indicate a statistically significant effect of music therapy on cortisol levels of children with leukaemia during an IV-line insertion. However, the study findings reflect the clinical effect of music therapy in reducing cortisol levels.

Keywords: Cortisol; Leukaemia; Music therapy; Stress.