Periostin (POSTN) is a multifunctional glycoprotein that belongs to the group of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. Due to the molecular structure, cellular interactions, tissue locations as well functions of POSTN, we realize that its pivotal role is organization and regulation of ECM microenvironment. In available databases there is a lack of data summarizing current knowledge about POSTN expression in the field of gynecology and obstetrics. We conducted a search in PubMed of the National Library of Medicine and Google Scholar. Databases were extensively searched for all original and review articles/book chapters published in English until December 2019 and related to periostin expression. All relevant articles were reviewed and presented as appropriate. In the field of POSTN expression there is only one paper evaluating its involvement in cervical cancer cell metabolism and only two studies analyzing its myometrial commitment: maintenance during pregnancy and induction of parturition in physiology as well control of fibroids biology in pathology. Much more attention has been devoted to the expression of described protein in the endometriosis, and above all in ovarian cancer. Finally, a few studies carried out among pregnant women were presented. In this review study we presented current knowledge about periostin expression in the field of gynecology and obstetrics. Many achieved results are interesting and further studies are needed to verify some hypotheses. Structure, signaling pathways as well many functions of periostin are well-described. However, as it was clearly shown there is a lot of unknown issues which are waiting to be explored.
Keywords: POSTN; cancer; endometriosis; fibroid; gestation; leiomyoma; miscarriage; myoma; neoplasm; periostin; pregnancy.