Combined microsurgical fluorescence for optimizing resection in refractory empyema and cerebritis

Childs Nerv Syst. 2020 Sep;36(9):1835-1841. doi: 10.1007/s00381-020-04762-9. Epub 2020 Jun 29.

Abstract

Purpose: Due to the generalization of new microsurgical equipment, intraoperative fluorescence techniques have extended in neurosurgical practice, mainly in neurovascular and neuro-oncology patients. The aim of identifying pathological tissue and also differentiating from the normal brain helps neurosurgeons to approach other kinds of intracranial entities such as infections.

Methods: It is described in the case of an 11-year-old patient who underwent a subdural empyema by performing a craniotomy and evacuation of the purulent collection. After a non-optimal evolution, a frontobasal meningoencephalitis was assessed with cerebral involvement and associated intracranial hypertension. Indocyanine green (ICG) was used in reintervention for demonstrating a great damage of cortical vascularization around the infected area as well as fluorescein (FL), which identified a large area of avascularized tissue.

Results: Both techniques allowed a selective excision of the affected brain parenchyma while preserving viable parenchymal areas. Radiological evolution and clinical outcome were good.

Conclusions: The identification of vascular patterns in brain lesions and the recognition of viable or necrotized tissues are suitable for a selective resection of the parenchyma, minimizing morbidity. Clinical outcome is related to a safe and effective management of inflammatory and infectious processes.

Keywords: Brain abscess; Empyema; Fluorescein sodium; Indocyanine green.

Publication types

  • Case Reports
  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Child
  • Craniotomy
  • Empyema, Subdural* / diagnostic imaging
  • Empyema, Subdural* / surgery
  • Fluorescein
  • Fluorescence
  • Humans
  • Indocyanine Green*

Substances

  • Indocyanine Green
  • Fluorescein