The biocompatibility and mechanical properties of plasma sprayed zirconia coated abutment

Zhengfei Huang; Zhifeng Wang; Kaifeng Yin; Chuanhua Li; Meihua Guo; Jing Lan

doi:10.4047/jap.2020.12.3.157

The biocompatibility and mechanical properties of plasma sprayed zirconia coated abutment

J Adv Prosthodont. 2020 Jun;12(3):157-166. doi: 10.4047/jap.2020.12.3.157. Epub 2020 Jun 18.

Authors

Zhengfei Huang^{1

2}, Zhifeng Wang^{1

3}, Kaifeng Yin⁴, Chuanhua Li², Meihua Guo², Jing Lan^{1

2}

Affiliations

¹ Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China.
² Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China.
³ Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China.
⁴ Department of Orthodontics, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.

Abstract

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical performance and reliability of plasma sprayed nanostructured zirconia (NSZ) coating.

Materials and methods: This study consisted of three areas of analysis: (1) Mechanical property: surface roughness of NSZ coating and bond strength between NSZ coating and titanium specimens were measured, and the microstructure of bonding interface was also observed by scanning election microscope (SEM). (2) Biocompatibility: hemolysis tests, cell proliferation tests, and rat subcutaneous implant test were conducted to evaluate the biocompatibility of NSZ coating. (3) Mechanical compatibility: fracture and artificial aging tests were performed to measure the mechanical compatibility of NSZ-coated titanium abutments.

Results: In the mechanical study, 400 µm thick NSZ coatings had the highest bond strength (71.22 ± 1.02 MPa), and a compact transition layer could be observed. In addition, NSZ coating showed excellent biocompatibility in both hemolysis tests and cell proliferation tests. In subcutaneous implant test, NSZ-coated plates showed similar inflammation elimination and fibrous tissue formation processes with that of titanium specimens. Regarding fatigue tests, all NSZ-coated abutments survived in the five-year fatigue test and showed sufficient fracture strength (407.65-663.7 N) for incisor teeth.

Conclusion: In this study, the plasma-sprayed NSZ-coated titanium abutments presented sufficient fracture strength and biocompatibility, and it was demonstrated that plasma spray was a reliable method to prepare high-quality zirconia coating.

Keywords: Abutment; Biocompatibility; Mechanical property; Nanostructured zirconia coating; Plasma spray.