Nine glycosides of patuletin, 6-methoxykaempferol and spinacetin from Good King Henry (Chenopodium bonus-henricus L.) were investigated for neuroprotective, anti-α-glucosidase and lipase activities. All tested flavonoids (100 µM) showed statistically significant neuroprotective activities on isolated rat brain synaptosomes using 6-hydroxydopamine in vitro model. They preserved synaptosome viability as well as the reduced glutathione level. 6-Methoxykaempferol glycoside 9 possessed the most prominent neuroprotective and antioxidant effects, within the same range as silibinin (100 µM). Anti-α-glucosidase and lipase activities of the tested compounds were established by measuring the levels of the released 4-nitrophenol using LC-MS here for the first time. Patuletin glycosides 2 and 7 possessed similar activity to acarbose with IC50 210, 249 and 206 µM, respectively. All flavonoids exhibited prolipase activity and could be used in the treatment of cachexia. The most active were flavonoids, which contain esterified ferulic acid.
Keywords: Chenopodium bonus-henricus; anti-α-glucosidase activity; flavonoids; neuroprotection; prolipase activity; synaptosomes.