Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), which include ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD), are chronic intestinal inflammatory disorders with an unknown etiology. They are characterized by chronic recurrent inflammation of the intestinal mucosa and lead to a significant decrease in the quality of life and death of patients. IBD are associated with suppression of normal intestinal microflora, including a decrease in bacteria, producers of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), exhibiting anti-inflammatory and protective properties. Among the various methods of intestinal microflora correction, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), which engrafts the fecal microbiota from a healthy donor into a patient recipient, is of a particular interest. As a result, a positive therapeutic effect is observed, accompanied by the restoration of the normal intestinal microflora of the patient. A significant drawback of the method is the lack of standardization. Metabolites produced by intestinal microflora, namely SCFAs, allow objective assessment of the functional state of the intestinal microbiota and, consequently, the success of the FMT procedure. Using gas chromatography and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy techniques, we have analyzed concentrations and molar ratios of SCFAs in fecal samples of 60 healthy donors. Results were in good accord when comparing two methods as well as with published data. Analysis of SCFAs in feces of patients with UC (19 patients) and CD (17 patients) revealed a general decrease in the concentration of fatty acids in the experimental groups with significant fluctuations in the values in experimental groups compared to control group of healthy donors. On the limited group of IBD patients (6 patients with UC and 5 patients with CD) concentration of SCFAs before and within 30 days of observation after FMT was determined. It was shown that FMT had a significant impact on the SCFAs levels within 1 month term; tendency to reach characteristics of healthy donors is unambiguously traced for both diseases.
Vospalitel'nye zabolevaniia kishechnika (VZK), k kotorym otnosiat iazvennyĭ kolit (IaK) i bolezn' Krona (BK), kharakterizuiutsia khronicheskim retsidiviruiushchim vospaleniem slizistoĭ kishechnika neizvestnoĭ étiologii i privodiat k sushchestvennomu snizheniiu kachestva zhizni i k smerti patsientov. VZK assotsiirovany s podavleniem normal'noĭ kishechnoĭ mikroflory, v tom chisle s umen'sheniem kolichestva bakteriĭ — proizvoditeleĭ korotkotsepochechnykh zhirnykh kislot (KZhK), obladaiushchikh protivovospalitel'nymi i zashchitnymi svoĭstvami. Sredi razlichnykh sposobov korrektsii mikroflory kishechnika osoboe vnimanie issledovateleĭ privlekaet transplantatsiia fekal'noĭ mikrobioty (TFM), vvedenie v organizm patsienta mikrobioty, poluchennoĭ ot zdorovogo donora. V rezul'tate TFM, kak pravilo, nabliudaetsia polozhitel'nyĭ terapevticheskiĭ éffekt, soprovozhdaiushchiĭsia vosstanovleniem normal'noĭ mikroflory kishechnika patsienta. Sushchestvennym nedostatkom metoda iavliaetsia otsutstvie standartizatsii. Metabolity, produtsiruemye kishechnoĭ mikrofloroĭ, v chastnosti KZhK, pozvoliaiut dostatochno ob"ektivno otsenit' funktsional'noe sostoianie mikrobioty kishechnika i, sledovatel'no, uspeshnost' protsedury TFM. Metodami gazovoĭ khromatografii i spektroskopii iaderno-magnitnogo rezonansa byli proanalizirovany kontsentratsii i moliarnye sootnosheniia KZhK iz fekaliĭ 60 zdorovykh donorov. Éti metabolity pokazali khoroshee sootvetstvie kak pri sravnenii dvukh metodov mezhdu soboĭ, tak i pri sopostavlenii s literaturnymi dannymi. Analiz KZhK v fekaliiakh bol'nykh IaK (19 patsientov) i BK (17 patsientov) vyiavil obshchee snizhenie kontsentratsiĭ KZhK v issleduemykh gruppakh po sravneniiu s kontrol'nymi obraztsami s sushchestvennymi kolebaniiami znacheniĭ vnutri issleduemoĭ gruppy. Na ogranichennoĭ vyborke patsientov s VZK (6 patsientov s IaK i 5 patsientov s BK) opredeleny kontsentratsii KZhK do i v techenie 30 dneĭ nabliudeniia posle provedeniia TFM. V vybrannom vremennom diapazone TFM okazyvaet éffekt na urovni KZhK. Nesmotria na to, chto v techenie 30 dneĭ profil' KZhK, kharakternyĭ dlia zdorovykh donorov, ne vosstanavlivaetsia polnost'iu, tendentsiia k ego dostizheniiu odnoznachno proslezhivaetsia dlia oboikh zabolevaniĭ.
Keywords: fecal microbiota transplantation; inflammatory bowel diseases; short-chain fatty acids.