Total mesorectal excision (TME) has become the standard treatment for rectal cancer in the middle and lower third. Meanwhile, many international trials have confirmed the noninferiority of laparoscopic TME compared to the open technique. Nevertheless, in the presence of anatomical limitations, such as narrow, obese, male pelvises as well as large rectal tumors, the adequate resection of the lower third of the rectum according to oncological criteria, is still challenging even for specialized colorectal surgeons. Therefore, the implementation of innovative approaches, such as robotic-assisted and transanal TME (TaTME) should shed light on this anatomically complex region and guarantee an oncological radical resection and the best possible preservation of neural structures. The advantages of this technique have so far only been provided by retrospective cohort studies by large international centers. Therefore, international prospective randomized trials are currently recruiting patients to analyze the surgical and oncological outcome of TaTME compared to conventional techniques. This article describes the TaTME technique per se, the fields of application and the current data situation. Practical recommendations for the safe implementation of this operative procedure are also presented. The TaTME procedure is reserved for highly specialized colorectal centers with a high volume of rectal cancer cases and appropriate expertise in minimally invasive visceral surgery.Die totale mesorektale Exzision (TME) ist der Goldstandard im Kontext der multimodalen Behandlung des Rektumkarzinoms im mittleren und unteren Drittel. Der transanale Zugang ist eine Ergänzung des zunehmend laparoskopischen Vorgehens, welcher gerade bei anatomischen Limitationen bei der onkologisch adäquaten Resektion des distalen Rektums Abhilfe schaffen soll. Die Nichtunterlegenheit in chirurgischen und onkologischen Parametern wird gegenüber konventionellen (laparoskopisch/offen) Operationsmethoden derzeit intensiv beforscht. Eine sichere Implementation dieser herausfordernden Technik ist an ein modulares Trainingskurrikulum gebunden.
Keywords: Anatomical limitations; Rectal cancer; Specialization; Surgical procedures, operative; Tertiary referral center.