Abstract
AL amyloidosis is a plasma cell disorder leading to the production and extracellular deposition of abnormal immunoglobulin light chains called amyloid. The pathogenesis of the disorder is driven by an abnormal plasma cell clone producing excessive monoclonal immunoglobulin light chains that undergo deposition in various organs of the body such as the heart, kidney, and gastrointestinal tract. The outcome of the disease remains poor with significant morbidity and mortality associated with organ dysfunction. In this review, we describe the current standard diagnostic features, prognosis, and current treatment paradigm of the disease.
Keywords:
AL amyloidosis; Diagnosis; Management; Staging.
Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
MeSH terms
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Amyloid / metabolism*
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Animals
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Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized / adverse effects
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Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized / therapeutic use*
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Biomarkers / metabolism
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Cardiomyopathies / diagnosis
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Cardiomyopathies / immunology
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Cardiomyopathies / metabolism
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Cardiomyopathies / therapy
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Disease Progression
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Humans
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Immunoglobulin Light Chains / metabolism*
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Immunoglobulin Light-chain Amyloidosis / diagnosis*
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Immunoglobulin Light-chain Amyloidosis / immunology
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Immunoglobulin Light-chain Amyloidosis / metabolism
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Immunoglobulin Light-chain Amyloidosis / therapy*
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Plaque, Amyloid
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Plasma Cells / immunology
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Plasma Cells / metabolism*
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Predictive Value of Tests
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Proteasome Inhibitors / adverse effects
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Proteasome Inhibitors / therapeutic use*
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Stem Cell Transplantation* / adverse effects
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Treatment Outcome
Substances
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Amyloid
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Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized
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Biomarkers
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Immunoglobulin Light Chains
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Proteasome Inhibitors