Quantification of pathogenic bacteria in the subgingival oral biofilm samples collected from cigarette-smokers, individuals using electronic nicotine delivery systems and non-smokers with and without periodontitis

Fahad M Aldakheel; Shatha A Alduraywish; Poojdev Jhugroo; Chitra Jhugroo; Darshan Devang Divakar

doi:10.1016/j.archoralbio.2020.104793

Quantification of pathogenic bacteria in the subgingival oral biofilm samples collected from cigarette-smokers, individuals using electronic nicotine delivery systems and non-smokers with and without periodontitis

Arch Oral Biol. 2020 Sep:117:104793. doi: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2020.104793. Epub 2020 Jun 6.

Authors

Fahad M Aldakheel¹, Shatha A Alduraywish², Poojdev Jhugroo³, Chitra Jhugroo⁴, Darshan Devang Divakar⁴

Affiliations

¹ Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Electronic address: faldakheel@ksu.edu.sa.
² Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Prince Sattam Research Chair for Epidemiology and Public Health, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Electronic address: salduraywish@ksu.edu.sa.
³ CAP Research Ltd., 2nd Floor, Orbis Court, 132 St. Jean Road, 72218, Quatre Bornes, Mauritius.
⁴ Dental Biomaterials Research Chair, Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia.

PMID: 32544646
DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2020.104793

Abstract

Objective: The aim of the present study was to quantify pathogenic bacteria isolated from the subgingival oral-biofilm samples collected from cigarette-smokers and ENDS-users with periodontitis, when compared to non-smokers with and without periodontitis.

Methods: Demographic data was collected using a questionnaire. Periodontal parameters (plaque [PI] and gingival [GI] indices, clinical attachment loss [CAL], probing depth [PD] and marginal bone loss [MBL]) were measured. Subgingival oral bio-film samples were collected and assessed for periodontopathogenic bacteria (Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans [A. actinomycetemcomitans], Prevotella intermedia [P. intermedia], Porphyromonas gingivalis [P. gingivalis], Tannerella forsythia [T. forsythia] and Treponema denticola [T. denticola]). Group-comparisons were performed; and P < 0.01 were considered statistically significant.

Results: All cigarette-smokers, ENDS-users and non-smokers with periodontitis had Grade-B periodontitis. The CFU/mL of A. actinomycetemcomitans (P < 0.001) and P. gingivalis (P < 0.001) were significantly higher among cigarette-smokers (P < 0.01) and ENDS-users (P < 0.01) than non-smokers with periodontitis. The CFU/mL of T. denticola were significantly higher among cigarette-smokers (P < 0.001), ENDS-users (P < 0.001) and non-smokers with periodontitis (P < 0.001) compared with non-smokers without periodontitis. There was no statistically significant difference in the CFU/mL of P. intermedia and T. denticola among cigarette-smokers, ENDS-users and non-smokers with periodontitis.

Conclusion: Counts of periodontopathogenic bacteria in the subgingival oral-biofilm are comparable among cigarette-smokers and individuals using ENDS.

Keywords: Bacteria; Cigarette smoking; Electronic nicotine delivery systems; Periodontitis; Subgingival oral biofilm.

MeSH terms

Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans
Bacteroides
Biofilms*
Chronic Periodontitis / microbiology*
Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems
Humans
Non-Smokers
Periodontal Attachment Loss
Periodontal Pocket
Porphyromonas gingivalis
Prevotella intermedia
Smokers
Tannerella forsythia
Treponema denticola