This study based on the freshwater algae Spiny scenedesmus (S. scenedesmus) with tolerance to venlafaxine aiming to investigate algae removal abilities. Here presented for the first time to evaluate the effect of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) on reduce toxicity and enhance removal ability of venlafaxine and O-desmethylvenlafaxine to S. scenedesmus. Based on dose-response results, the toxicity of R-venlafaxine (EC50 = 6.81 mg·L -1) and R-O-desmethylvenlafaxine (EC50 = 3.36 mg·L -1) to algae were more than two times than those in the presence of β-CD treatment (10.64 mg L -1 for R-venlafaxine and 11.87 mg L -1 for R-O-desmethylvenlafaxine). The significant differences were observed between S-venlafaxine (11.07 mg L -1) and S-O-desmethylvenlafaxine (10.24 mg L -1), which were more toxic than R-forms. The half-lives of R- and S-venlafaxine were 0.8 d and 0.5 d in the presence of β-CD, which were obvious shorter than those in alone treatments. In addition, our experiments not only demonstrated that β-CD performed particularly well for removal of venlafaxine and O-desmethylvenlafaxine, it significantly reduces the toxicity of venlafaxine to alga. These results highlight advantages of β-CD relevant to chiral drugs removal and protection of aquatic organisms, which may have a better application for environmental and ecological safety in future.
Keywords: Bioeffect; Enantioselectivity; Removal; Venlafaxine; β-cyclodextrin.
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