Lack of clinical response to deep brain stimulation of the medial forebrain bundle in depression

Affiliations

• ¹ Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada; Division of Neurosurgery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada.
• ² Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, M4N3M5, Canada; Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada.
• ³ Division of Neurosurgery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada.
• ⁴ Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, M4N3M5, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada; Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Toronto, ON M4N3M5, Canada.
• ⁵ Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, M4N3M5, Canada; Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada; Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada.
• ⁶ Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, M4N3M5, Canada; Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada; Division of Neurosurgery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada.
• ⁷ Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, M4N3M5, Canada; Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada; Division of Neurosurgery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada. Electronic address: clement.hamani@sunnybrook.ca.