Direct determination of Al and Pb in waste printed circuit boards (PCB) by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS): Evaluation of calibration strategies and economic - environmental questions

Diego Victor Babos; Andrés Cruz-Conesa; Edenir Rodrigues Pereira-Filho; Jesús M Anzano

doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122831

Direct determination of Al and Pb in waste printed circuit boards (PCB) by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS): Evaluation of calibration strategies and economic - environmental questions

J Hazard Mater. 2020 Nov 15:399:122831. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122831. Epub 2020 May 23.

Authors

Diego Victor Babos¹, Andrés Cruz-Conesa², Edenir Rodrigues Pereira-Filho³, Jesús M Anzano⁴

Affiliations

¹ Laser Laboratory, Chemistry & Environment Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain; Group of Applied Instrumental Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo State, 13565-905, Brazil.
² Laser Laboratory, Chemistry & Environment Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain.
³ Group of Applied Instrumental Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo State, 13565-905, Brazil.
⁴ Laser Laboratory, Chemistry & Environment Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain. Electronic address: janzano@unizar.es.

PMID: 32531672
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122831

Abstract

Matrix-matching calibration (MMC), two-point calibration transfer (TP CT), one-point and multi-line calibration (OP MLC), single-sample calibration (SSC) and calibration free (CF) were evaluated in order to overcome matrix effects in laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). These calibration strategies were evaluated for direct determination of Al and Pb in waste printed circuit boards (PCB) using direct solids analysis by LIBS. Each strategy has limitations and advantages of its implementation, for the correction of matrix effects, so that it allows elementary determination with adequate accuracy. The MMC and CF proved to be excellent calibration strategies for the determination of strategic (Al) and toxic (Pb) elements by LIBS, with good recoveries (ranging from 80-120%) and low relative standard deviation (RSD%) values. A detailed discussion of the advantages and limitations of each of these five calibration strategies evaluated for LIBS is presented in this study. Lead concentrations in waste PCB samples are 5-12 times higher than established by Directive 2011/65/EU, and the samples analyzed contain between 3 and 55 g kg^-1 Al, being an interesting economic and recycling source for this metal.

Keywords: Calibration free; Environment pollution; Matrix-matching calibration; One-point multi-line calibration; Single-sample calibration; Toxic element; Two-point calibration transfer; WEEE.

Publication types

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't